From Green to Growth: A Critical Assessment of Legal Frameworks and Environmental Consequences in the PIK 2 Project, Tangerang

Abstract

The conversion of protected forests into production forests in the Pantai Indah Kapuk (PIK) 2 project in Tangerang Regency raises significant legal and environmental implications. This study analyzes the legal aspects and environmental impacts of this policy using normative and empirical approaches. Legally, this land-use change is controversial due to the lack of involvement of key stakeholders and its potential violation of spatial planning regulations and good governance principles. Environmentally, the project threatens ecosystem balance, reduces biodiversity, and negatively impacts coastal communities that depend on natural resources in the area. Therefore, an in-depth and transparent assessment is necessary before making land-use conversion decisions. This study recommends a comprehensive evaluation involving public participation to ensure policies align with sustainable development principles and environmental justice.